What Is Federal Education Assistance?

The federal government offers several financial aid programs to help students afford college. In the 2024 fiscal year, the U.S. Department of Education allocated approximately $126 billion in new federal student aid, including over $38 billion in grants. Programs like the Pell Grant and TRIO specifically support low-income and first-generation college students.

The Pell Grant provides funds that generally do not require repayment, making it one of the most beneficial forms of federal financial aid. The TRIO programs, including Upward Bound, Educational Opportunity Centers, and Student Support Services, offer targeted support for prospective and current students.

This guide explains how to apply for these programs and maximize your financial aid while earning your college degree.

The Pell Grant helps low-income undergraduate students pay for college. You must complete the FAFSA to apply and determine your federal Pell Grant eligibility.

For the 2025-26 academic year, the maximum Federal Pell Grant award remains at $7,395. Your award amount depends on:

To qualify for a Pell Grant, you must be an undergraduate student enrolled at an accredited college or university. You cannot hold a previous bachelor’s or professional degree. Pell Grant eligibility is based on financial need, which the government determines by subtracting your SAI from your school’s COA. You must also:

To keep receiving the grant, you must stay enrolled, file your FAFSA annually, maintain academic progress, and meet all original eligibility criteria.

TRIO programs include options like Upward Bound, Student Support Services, and Talent Search. These programs support students from middle school through graduate-level study. They include:

Upward Bound helps low-income and first-generation high school students prepare for college through tutoring, instruction, and support services. Students aged 13-19 with academic needs apply through a local college or university offering the program.

Student Support Services supports college students with academic, financial, and personal advising to improve retention and graduation. Eligible students must be first-generation college enrollees from low-income families or have disabilities. Apply through your college’s TRIO or student services office.

Talent Search assists students aged 11-27 from disadvantaged backgrounds with academic guidance, college preparation, and career counseling. Most participants are low-income and first-generation. Local schools and program providers handle applications for this program.

Educational Opportunity Centers provide adults with college admissions help, financial aid guidance, and career planning support. Participants must be at least 19 and meet income or first-generation criteria. Apply online or through a local college provider.

Veterans Upward Bound helps eligible veterans improve their academic skills and prepare for college. Services include tutoring, counseling, and subject-specific instruction. Applicants can apply through participating colleges.

Upward Bound Math-Science enhances STEM readiness for low-income and first-generation high school students through research, summer programs, and academic support. Prospective enrollees must have completed eighth grade. They can apply through a college program provider.

The Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate Achievement Program supports undergraduates from disadvantaged or underrepresented backgrounds who plan to pursue doctoral degrees. The program offers research, mentoring, and academic development. Students apply through participating colleges and must meet eligibility requirements based on income, education, or background.